*In the middle of the 18th century, India really stood at a crossroad, with various forces in motion, resulting in a new direction for the country. Some historians place 1740 as the year when the Anglo- French struggle for supremacy in India began. Some consider it to be the year 1757, when the British defeated the Nawab of Bengal at Plassey. While others consider it to be the year 1761, when Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas in the Third Battle of Panipat. However, all these chronological demarcations can be somewhat arbitrary because the political transformation, which began around this time, took about 80 years to complete. 
* This was a time in Indian history when various developments were taking place. It was not natural then, as it appears today, that the Mughal Empire was in its final stages, that the Maratha kingdoms had not recovered from the conditions, and that British supremacy could not be avoided. Yet the circumstances under which the British were received. were not clear cut, and some of the obstacles faced by them (the British) were not of a serious nature. It is this contradiction that makes the reasons for the establishment of the British Empire in India a matter of considerable importance.
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